Ginette Kolinka has developed a definitive answer to those who question her about the horrors of Auschwitz-Birkenau.
“If I had a child, well, I would prefer to strangle them with my own hands than make them go through what I went through,” the 101-year-old tells them.
The stark response serves as her definitive answer about surviving the Nazi death camp.
“For me, that was an answer that said it all.”
Ms Kolinka, a centenarian with an easy and generous smile, has transformed into a formidable warrior against antisemitism in France.
She finds purpose in sharing her insight into murderous hatred and inhumanity, ensuring the lessons of the Holocaust are never forgotten.
Through countless interviews, Kolinka aims to prevent anyone from claiming ignorance about the death camps and the extermination of six million European Jews by the Nazis and their collaborators. She inspires school pupils, hoping they will embrace the vital duty of remembrance.
The turning point
Ms Kolinka credits Steven Spielberg for helping to precipitate her decision 30 years ago to start opening up about the mental and physical scars that she buried for decades, the survivor’s guilt that tormented her, the eternal regret of goodbye kisses that she didn’t get to give to her father, Léon, and 12-year-old brother, Gilbert, before Nazi guards sent to them to the gas chambers, and so many other cruelties.
After the 1993 release of Schindler’s List, Mr Spielberg launched a foundation to collect testimonies from Holocaust survivors. When it contacted Ms Kolinka, she was reticent, replying that talking to her would be a waste of time, she recounts in Return to Birkenau, her memoir.
But when its interviewer then sat down with her, in 1997, out the memories flowed, for nearly three hours. Tears, too. The foundation says it has since collected more than 60,000 testimonies and is still gathering more.
“For the first time, I found myself compelled to think about it again,” Ms Kolinka says in her book, published in 2019.
In World War II, Nazi-occupied France deported 76,000 Jewish men, women and children, mostly to Auschwitz-Birkenau. Just 2,500 survived. It took France’s leadership 50 years to officially acknowledge the state’s involvement in the Holocaust, when then-President Jacques Chirac in 1995 described French complicity as an indelible stain on the nation.
Through her books, media appearances and school visits, Ms Kolinka has become the most prominent remaining French survivor of Auschwitz-Birkenau.
Just a few dozen, perhaps fewer than 30, are still alive, according to the Paris-based Union of Auschwitz Deportees, a survivors’ group.
‘A nice little number’
Pupils hung on her every word when Ms Kolinka dropped by the Marcelin Berthelot high school east of Paris recently to tell her story for the umpteenth time. Even the abbreviated version, squeezed into roughly 90 minutes, makes for tough listening — from her arrest in March 1944 to her return to France, skeletal and traumatised, after Nazi Germany’s surrender in May 1945.
She described how she and other Jews were crammed aboard windowless animal-transport wagons in Paris and the violence and cruelty, with Nazi guards screaming orders and dogs barking, that greeted them at the other end three days later at Auschwitz-Birkenau. In her memoir, Ms Kolinka says that the first German word she learned was “Schnell!” — meaning “Move it!”
The pupils listened in pin-drop silence as Ms Kolinka explained that they were forced to strip naked and how that had been torture for the demure 19-year-old she was at the time.
“The Nazis’ hatred of Jews was such that they hunted for every detail that could make us suffer, humiliate us,” she said.
Then, Ms Kolinka rolled up her left sleeve so pupils could see the identification number — 78599 — that a camp orderly tattooed on her forearm.
“Some people’s numbers cover their entire arm,” she said. “But I have a nice little number.”
Kept back from the gas chambers
With time short and perhaps to spare their young imaginations, Ms Kolinka didn’t tell the teenagers that most of the 1,499 men, women and children transported with her to Auschwitz-Birkenau in convoy No. 71 from Paris were killed on arrival.
Ms Kolinka was among a couple of hundred who were kept back from the gas chambers and crematoriums to be used instead as forced labour.
As a prisoner, she used to watch subsequent trains being unloaded, knowing that those aboard would soon be dead.
Focussed on survival, she shut down her emotions.
“I became a robot,” she told the pupils.
After her talk, a group of them gathered around Ms Kolinka to keep chatting and ask more questions, giving her rock-star treatment, not wanting the encounter to end.
Nour Benguella, 17, and Saratou Soumahoro, 19, were giddy with admiration. Simultaneously, they reached for the same word to describe Ms Kolinka: “Extraordinary.”
“An amazing woman. It’s wonderful to have her here in front of us. This strength of testimony, her mental fortitude,” Nour said.
“Keeping this history alive is the only thing that will permit us to not make the same mistakes.”
