Sir Keir Starmer wants to widen eligibility for winter fuel payment after he restricted the number of pensioners who could claim it last year.
But he has not set out how the change to who is entitled to the payments worth up to £300 will look.
There are several options for how the Government could go about it.
– Full reversal
One option would be a full reversal of the decision to strip the benefit from millions of pensioners.
The decision to make it available only to those who claim pension credit last year meant those claiming winter fuel payment fell by almost 90% and saved around £1.5 billion a year, the Institute for Fiscal Studies estimates.
Undoing last year’s policy change would make some 11 million more households eligible and of course wipe out the £1.5 billion in savings.
– Create a specific threshold for winter fuel
Creating a new threshold and means test would allow households not on pension credit to apply directly for winter fuel payments.
Raising it 20% above the pension credit threshold would cost around £100 million and see winter fuel payments go to around 400,000 more families, according to the Resolution Foundation.
One option would be to model this on child benefit by allowing all pensioner households to claim but then require those above a certain income level to pay some back via a self assessment tax return, the IFS notes.
But there is a risk to adopting “a clunky bureaucratic mechanism for what is, ultimately, a relatively small payment”, IFS associate director Tom Waters warned.
– Expand entitlement to those who get disability or housing benefits
Some 1.8 million more households could get winter fuel payment at a cost of around £500 million per year if entitlement is extended to those on disability benefits, the IFS estimates.
This would be more complicated to put in place in Scotland, where disability benefit is devolved.
Extending eligibility to include those on housing and disability benefits would give support to 1.3 million more pensioner families at a cost of £300 million a year, the Resolution Foundation estimates.
This would be an “affordable” and “sensible way forward”, chief executive Ruth Curtice said.
– Pay winter fuel money to individuals, not households
One difficulty in allocating the winter fuel payment is that it currently goes to households rather than individuals.
Changing this would mean the Government could do a means test on an individual basis and use information that it already records for income tax purposes.
It would see pensioners with a low income but with a high-income spouse get the winter fuel payment.
However, it could also see couples get twice as much winter fuel payment as single people, where at the moment a single person would get the same amount as a couple sharing a household.
